Chuck Sandy
I had a tough time in Mrs. Collardâs 2nd grade reading class. Though already a reader with books of my own at home, the skill-based phonics worksheets we were doing in class made no sense to me. Still I struggled along. After one particularly tough day with the worksheets, Mrs. Collard called my mother in to explain that sheâd be moving me from the top reading group, the Bluebirds, down to the bottom group, The Sparrows, because I didnât âget it.â I was devastated, but my mother was just confused. âHow could that be? He loves books,â my mother exclaimed. âMaybe so,â said Mrs. Collard, âbut he canât read. Look how poorly he did on these worksheetsâ. And so my mother looked. Then to Mrs. Collard she said, âbut this isnât reading. This is nonsenseâ and to me âcome on, letâs goâ and she took me to the public library and got me a library card. âNow this,â she said, leading me through that room full of books, âthis is reading. You can choose up to six books to take home. Iâll be back in an hour.â I went on to eventually read almost every book in that library and came to feel more at home there among books then I ever felt in school.
I tell you this story not just because itâs what launched me into my own work in education, but also to show that even back in 1967 when I was in 2nd grade, schools were busy turning reading instruction into a school subject and by doing so needlessly complicating the whole process. People like my mother recognized this, but the general public became increasingly convinced that the teaching of reading was a science best left to specialists and that education was in crisis because test scores showed that literacy rates were on the decline. No one much ever stopped to consider that this crisis might have originated in the increasingly complicated instruction. Before too long this complicated instruction had became so ingrained in schools that it was almost heresy to call it nonsense.
Fortunately, by the time I got to grad school and later started working in education myself, there were a few researchers brave enough to call out the nonsense. That day in 2nd grade and my years in the library made the work of Kenneth “we learn to read by reading” Goodman, Frank “reading without nonsense” Smith, Tracy “natural approach” Terrell, and Stephen “comprehension hypothesis” Krashen really resonate with me. In fact, reading their work changed my life â especially the work of Krashen. Not only were these researchers unafraid of calling nonsense nonsense, they also had increasingly massive amounts of data to prove it was nonsense. They were (and are) my heroes. Iâll leave it to you to read the research, and Iâll tell you where it led me.
Steeped in all this, determined never to be a Mrs. Collard, and fresh from reading Krashen and Terrellâs The Natural Approach, I found myself in Tokyo in 1984, newly hired by a college to put together an English Language program and given the freedom to pretty much do whatever I wanted. What I wanted in those pre-internet days was for the school to subscribe to multiple copies of fifty different magazines on a wide range of topics and buy a few thousand paperback books. In addition to building a library of interesting books students could borrow, my idea was for each of the twenty of so teachers I worked with to walk into class each day with a basket full of books and magazines, spread them out and say âfind something good to read.â What I wanted to do was to run an almost pure free voluntary reading program in which everyone would have lots of time to read lots of interesting things and learn how to talk about the interesting things they read.
I worked for a few weeks on my plan and submitted it to my director of studies.
âHow will we know that students are reading,â the director of studies asked?
âWeâll see them reading,â I answered.
âHow will we know theyâre understanding what they read,â he asked?
âWeâll ask them,â I answered.
âWhat about testing?â he asked.
âWe wonât have any tests,â I answered.
âIâll have to think this over and discuss it with others,â he said.
A few days later he came back and said something like âthere are some who think that maybe youâre not ready to run a program, Mr. Sandy, but if you can prove that all this might be useful, Iâm willing to listenâ.
Happily, that was the year Stephen Krashen himself was one of the plenary speakers at the Japan Association of Language Teachers (JALT) conference in Tokyo, and so not only did I give my DOS a copy of The Natural Approach, I invited him to join me at JALT to hear Dr. Krashen speak, and he did. After Stephenâs first plenary, my director of Studies leaned over and said, âthat man makes good sense, and heâs funny, tooâ. By the end of the conference, he was so impressed by Stephen Krashenâs work that I not only got to keep my job but also got the money I needed to buy all those books and magazines, then went on to run that program for a couple of years, and learned much more than I can say here doing it. Thank you Stephen.
Itâs now almost 50 years since I was in 2nd grade with Mrs. Collard, and more than 30 years since Stephen Krashenâs job-saving plenaries at JALT. Itâs therefore sad to have to say that not only does the nonsense about reading instruction continue. Itâs even sadder to have to say that itâs gotten worse. In this era of big data, high stakes testing, adaptive learning, and all that nonsense, the nonsense has become dangerous.
Itâs therefore wonderful to be able to say that Stephen Krashen is still out there calling nonsense nonsense and providing the data to prove itâs nonsense. In all this time heâs never gone off message, even once. Thank goodness. Today, thereâs much more at stake than just reading programs and somebodyâs job as youâll note in this interview with Stephen in Education Week Teacher titled âStephen Krashen: Children Need Food, Health Care, and Books: Not New Standards and Testsâ that I hope youâll take a few minute to read:
Children Need Food, Heath Care & Books: Not New Standards and Tests
These are the stakes. The lives of our children are at risk and the solutions, as ever, actually are quite simple. Will people ever listen? Letâs hope so.
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